Gastrointestinal

High pitched tinkling sound indicates an intestinal obstruction.
Diminished or absence of sound indicates paralytic ileus or later sign of intestinal obstruction.

For patients with mal nutrition check for weight
* daily morning before breakfast
* daily at the same time
* void urine before doing test
* same scale be used
* same amount of clothes used daily

Top 5 Drinks That Help You Lose Weight

Top 5 Drinks That Help You Lose Weight


If you have decided to lose the extra pounds, then you surely know that the only way to do that is by combining workouts with a healthy, balanced and nutritious diet. However, there are some types of drinks that will speed up the fat burning and help you lose weight quicker than you normally would, and here you will find 5 of the most efficient ones:
1. Detox Juices
Detox juices are certainly your most trustworthy allies in your battle against the extra pounds – you can easily make them in your kitchen, either entirely out of fruits or vegetables or by combining these two. Citrus fruits are known to have a powerful detox capability, therefore if you are looking for foods to help you purge all the toxins that have gathered inside you over the months then you must certainly include them in your detox juice. High-fiber root foods such as ginger, carrots or apples are also highly recommended for these juices, as they are known to also support the correct functioning of your digestive tract, not to mention the wealth of antioxidants that they deliver to your body.
As you may know already, antioxidants are essential as they protect your body from the negative effects of the free radicals that can wreak havoc on your health if you allow them two. One eight ounce glass of detox juice per week will certainly keep all these problems far away from you! These juices have a double benefit – while they help your body get rid of the toxins, chemicals and all the dangerous substances that have accumulated inside your intestines, they also help you lose weight in the fastest and most natural way. One thing is for sure, though: all those who want to shed pounds yet stay healthy at the same time must go through at least one or two detox sessions throughout the course of a year.



2. Vegetable Juices
Vegetable juices, on the other hand, can also benefit your weight loss efforts in the long run and it is a known fact that the most suitable type of veggies for weight loss are the cruciferous ones. No matter if you juice them alone or you use them in conjunction with other fruits, these veggies (cabbage, kale, broccoli or cauliflower) will be your most efficient fat fighting weapon, and there is no better way to keep all the toxins away.  Another notable benefit of the vegetable juices is that in addition to helping your body fight free radicals and keeping you healthy, they will also balance the hormone levels in your body and prevent the hormone disruptors from interfering with the normal hormone levels. Cruciferous veggies are very rich in natural phytonutrients that are perfect for reducing the overall amount of body fat, for reducing inflammation and controlling the blood sugar levels, for balancing the hormone levels, boosting your metabolism as well as providing a thorough general detoxification.
3. Green Tea
Green tea has been used for hundreds of years due to its numerous benefits, and weight loss is just one of them – although green tea alone will only help you lose a few pounds, it will certainly serve as a great addition to your diet in the long haul. No matter if you do not have the time or you do not like to workout on a regular basis, drinking one cup of tea per day will deliver all the antioxidants you need and it will also help you burn fat at a faster pace, by boosting the metabolism. These teas are perfect for burning more calories as well as for increasing your overall energy levels and for suppressing your appetite. As a matter of fact, this is exactly the main mechanism of action of these teas as they help you shed the extra pounds by suppressing your appetite, thus decreasing the amount of food you would normally consume on a daily basis. Green tea is very popular amongst the Japanese people, and it is said to also help you reduce stress and relax better.


4. Fruit Juice – Cranberry And Pear
Fruit juices are delicious, easy to prepare and very rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals – besides this, there are literally hundreds of different fruits you can choose from and pear and cranberries are only two of the most delicious, most efficient and most sought-after ones given the fact that they contain high amounts of vitamin C. Not only will the cranberry and pear juice help you lose weight by boosting your metabolism (your body's natural fat burning machine), but it will also increase your overall energy levels and deliver your body all the essential vitamins and proteins that it so much needs. At the same time, it is a known fact that the cranberry juice is essential for preventing various infection of the bladder, such as the infection with the E-coli bacteria. Pears, on the other hand, add magnesium, potassium as well as phosphorus to your fruit juice and they are essential for a healthy lifestyle, not to mention that they are very rich in Vitamin C and Calcium, the latter being particularly important for keeping your bones healthy and strong.
5. Black Coffee
Last, but not least, it is a known fact that if consumed with moderation, black coffee can have a plethora of health benefits – not only does it contain antioxidants that fight off free radicals and lower the risk for certain types of cancer, but it can also reduce the risk for diabetes as well as heart disease. At the same time, caffeine is perfect for boosting your metabolism and for increasing the number of calories you have burned. Be careful, though, because if you want to lose weight by relying on black coffee you will have to consume it without any milk or sugar, as any sweetener can increase its calorie count!
To conclude, these are the top 5 most efficient drinks that you should embed in your diet if you want to lose weight quickly and naturally, without resorting to any pills or supplements that may have side


Amazing Benefits of Coffee

At least 5% of surveys reveal that drinking coffee is associated with a decreased risk of mortality in men and women. For example, a long and large-scale survey, which studied more than 400,000 people, revealed that more coffee the men drink, the lower is their risk of mortality. By the survey results, men who drank 2 to 3 cups of coffee a day, showed a 10 percent lower risk of mortality and those people who had 4 to 5 cups a day showed even lower indicator, i.e. by 12%. Taking over 6 or more cups a day, decreased mortality by another 10 percent. As for women, the figures are a bit higher in women; they are affected by such parameters as age, body fat, race, education, and lifestyle factors.
2. Improves Cholesterol Balance
The coffee contains antioxidants which can balance the level of total cholesterol, increase "good" HDL cholesterol and lower heart disease-related inflammation. In one of the studies, coffee drinkers were asked to raise their coffee intake to 4 and then to 8 cups a day. This dose improved the ratio between "bad" LDL and HDL cholesterol by more than 8 percent.
3. Decreases Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is one of the most serious and very common health problems in the world; it can increase risks of heart failure and diabetes. Coffee drinking is good for fat burning and it potentially affects the body composition and lowers the diabetes risk.

4. Happy reproductive systems
Many studies have shown that regular drinking of coffee can lower the risk of prostate cancer in men and risk of endometrial cancer in women. In 2011, one of the surveys found that the men who consumed over 6 cups of coffee a day reduced the risk of prostate cancer by almost 20 percent. As for women, a study published in Journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention showed that women who had more than 4 cups of coffee a day lowered risk of endometrial cancer by almost 25 percent.
5. Vascular Health
Several studies showed that caffeine in coffee can improve the health of the blood vessels as it increases nitric oxide production in the endothelium and the letter improves vascular muscle tone. Coffee also maintains healthy arterial pressure and lowers the blood pressure over the long-term. Even though drinking caffeinated coffee can increase short-term acute blood pressure, it will return to normal after the caffeine is metabolized.
6. Caffeine can make you stronger
Sports scientists tested caffeine supplements on athletic performance and found that if you get the right dose of pre-workout caffeine (as a supplement, because the necessary dose of caffeine intake would be 6 to 9 cups for a 90 kg athlete) your athletic performance will be much higher. The studies show that caffeine acts directly on the muscles and generates more power and strength.

7. Improves Body Composition & facilitates Fat Burning
There is much evidence that coffee can increase your metabolic rate and help you burn more calories, shifting the body to burn fat instead of glucose for energy. Besides, coffee can reduce blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity.
In the recent past, the fat loss effect of coffee has not been studied extensively, but one study found that drinking 500 ml of coffee a day during one month produced 2.5 kg weight loss. The most effective is probably a green coffee extract, which comes from an unroasted coffee and may be added to any beverage. They say it can produce significant fat loss, e.g. one study revealed that a high-dose of green coffee extract will lead to minus 8 kg and 4.4 percent of body fat in only a month, very impressive, isn't it?
8. Brain Gain
Some of the studies suggest that moderate coffee drinking (1 to 5 cups daily) may reduce the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, as well as Parkinson's disease. The fact is that coffee contains antioxidants which may prevent some of the brain cells from damage. ¬Preliminary studies have reported that this lowers the ¬incidence of glioma – one of the forms of brain cancer.
9. Liver friendly
This issue has not been extensively studied, but one of the studies showed that heavy coffee drinkers had the lower incidence of cirrhosis and other liver diseases. Analysis of nine studies on the matter revealed that every 2-cup increase of daily consumption of coffee resulted in 43% lower risk of liver cancer. Possible reason being: the caffeine and antioxidants in coffee prevents liver inflammation and development of cancer cells.

Easy tamil typing

Pediatrics


Babinski's reflex should disappear by age 12 months; its presence after this age indicates neurologic dysfunction.
Before administering a tube feeding to a toddler, which of the following methods should the nurse use to check the placement of a nasogastric (NG) tube?

Intestinal, gastric, and respiratory fluids have different pH values. Therefore, checking the pH of fluid aspirated from the tube is the most reliable technique for checking proper NG tube placement without taking X-rays before each feeding. X-rays can't be performed multiple times a day on a daily basis. Because auscultation of air can be heard when the tube is in the esophagus as well as in the stomach, this isn't the best test for checking placement. Observing the insertion measurement mark isn't a good check either because the mark may remain the same even though the tube has migrated up or down into the esophagus, lungs, or intestines.
use of aspirin during chickenpox and the development of Reye's syndrome (a disorder characterized by brain and liver toxicity). Therefore, the nurse should instruct the parents to avoid administering aspirin

Breast-fed infants typically have soft, bright yellow or light green stools with no offensive odor. Formula-fed infants typically have pale yellow, semiformed stools with a strong odor. A neonate's first stools typically are dark green to black, sticky, and odorless (representing meconium, usually present for the first 3 days).



Midwifery


Nifedipine is sometimes used as a tocolytic medicine during preterm labor to slow uterine contractions. Nifedipine is taken only by mouth (orally) as a tablet or capsule.

Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, is more commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease.

How It Works

Smooth muscle tissue, like the uterus, needs calcium to contract. Nifedipine blocks the passage of calcium into certain tissues, relaxing the uterine muscles and smooth muscles of blood vessels throughout the body.

Why It Is Used

Nifedipine is used to treat preterm labor when:
Regular contractions of the uterus have thinned (effaced) the cervix and opened (dilated) it less than 4 cm, and the mother's amniotic sac has not broken.
The mother is healthy.
The fetus is alive and not in distress.
Labor needs to be delayed for 24 to 48 hours. This delay is typically needed with corticosteroid treatment to help fetal lungs mature. Sometimes labor is delayed so the mother can be moved to a hospital with special facilities for treating premature infants.

Side effects of this drug
Brady cardia , client should check his own pulse

Drug

Labetalol side effects impotence

Nitroglycerin is unstable
The medication should keep more 6 month if the bottle is open and should not keep in light,hot and cold places.
Client may take 3 doses 5 min apart for chest pain . Still pain seek medical attention.

Neuro

The client with head injury monitor for complications
Urine specific gravity
If it  is more than 1.030 indicates raised ICP . with increased ICP diabetes inspidus or SIADH may occur. Should check for 4 to 6 hours

Drugs

The client taking ofloxacin - adverse effects of this medicine are crystalluria
So client should take at least 2000 ml water per day to prevent this adverse effects.



Lab profile



ECG rhythm identification







Easy identification of rhythm
Take these steps whenever you see the rhythm

The client with hyperthyroidism have increased metabolism so they are extremely hungry.
they need high calorie diet atleast 6 meals per day

Followed  by thyroidectomy patient observe for numbness, tingling sensation
If it is present it is due to hypocalcemia
During thyroidectomy accidental removal of parathyroid gland leads to hypocalcemia.
So calcium gluconate need to to administer.